What causes persistent depressive disorder/dysthymia?

PDD is multifactorial, like most mood disorders.

Contributing factors may include:

  • Biological differences

Changes in neurotransmitter levels (like serotonin, dopamine).

  • Genetics

Family history increases risk.

  • Childhood trauma

Abuse, neglect, or early adversity are strong risk factors.

  • Personality traits

People with low self-esteem or high self-criticism are more vulnerable.

I’m highly self-critical and perfectionistic, and it’s very hard to convince myself that “good enough” is acceptable instead of wanting everything to be flawless.

  • Chronic stress or illness

Some studies propose that early-onset PDD is more strongly tied to personality and early environment, while later-onset is more reactive to life events.

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