- General population (adults)
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- Lifetime prevalence
~3–6%.
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- 12-month prevalence
~1.5%.
- Children and adolescents
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- Estimated prevalence
~0.5% to 2.5%.
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- PDD in youth often presents as irritability rather than sadness and is easily missed.
- Global estimates
Worldwide prevalence is slightly lower than in high-income countries, but:
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- Chronic depression (including PDD and treatment-resistant MDD) adds substantially to years lived with disability (YLD).
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- The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks depression (including PDD) as one of the leading causes of disability.
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