How to treat major depressive disorder/clinical depression?

MDD is treatable, though it’s not always easy.

Recovery often requires a combination approach:

1. Psychotherapy
   
   

• • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Restructures harmful thinking patterns.

I went to a psychologist as soon as possible to address my constant ruminating and catastrophizing while taking actionable steps to establish productive habits again, such as exercising regularly and getting my sleep schedule in order.

• • Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Highlights relationships and social roles.

• • Psychodynamic therapy

Explores unconscious conflicts and trauma.

2. Medications

• • SSRIs (like fluoxetine, sertraline) are most commonly prescribed.

• • SNRIs, tricyclics, MAOIs, and atypical antidepressants are also used depending on the person’s profile.

3. Lifestyle interventions

• • Regular exercise has been shown to substantially reduce symptoms.

• • Sleep hygiene, nutrition, and stress management support recovery.

4. Other treatments

• • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe or treatment-resistant cases.

• • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and ketamine infusions are newer options with growing evidence.
    

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