Is depression a disability?

Depression can be considered a disability, depending on its severity and how it impacts daily functioning.

At my worst, it certainly felt like it since it left me unable to work for some time, and even to get out of bed some days.

Firstly, let me explain what makes a disability.

What makes depression a disability?

For something to be labeled a disability, it must extensively limit one or more major life activities, like:

  • Working.
  • Concentrating.
  • Sleeping.
  • Maintaining relationships.
  • Caring for oneself.

In many cases of moderate to severe depression, this is exactly what happens.

  • People may struggle to get out of bed.
  • Concentration and memory can be impaired.
  • Social withdrawal becomes common.
  • Energy levels crash and make even basic tasks feel tremendous.

Legal and medical recognition
A man sitting at a medical appointment with a doctor explaining things.

  1. World Health Organization (WHO)
  1. United States (ADA – Americans with Disabilities Act)
    • If depression “substantially limits one or more major life activities,” it qualifies as a disability under the ADA.
    • This means individuals may be entitled to workplace accommodations or protection from discrimination.
  1. UK Equality Act 2010
    • Depression is recognized as a disability if it has a “long-term and substantial adverse effect” on daily life.
  1. European Union (and Belgium)
    • Many EU countries, including Belgium, treat chronic or severe depression as a qualifying mental disability for social benefits, financial support, and workplace accommodations.

When is depression not a disability?
A person selecting a "neutral/blank" face smiley on a survey.

  • Mild or situational depression, while still painful, often doesn’t meet the threshold.
  • If symptoms are temporary or don’t disrupt functioning in a major way, it might not qualify legally as a disability.

Final takeaway

Depression isn’t always a disability, but it absolutely can be.

Whether it qualifies depends on:

  • Severity.
  • Duration.
  • Impact on daily life.

If you or someone you know is struggling, seeking a mental health professional’s diagnosis is the first step.

They can also help with documentation if disability accommodations are needed.

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