What causes bipolar disorder?

There’s no single cause, but it likely stems from a mix of biological, psychological, and environmental factors:

  • Genetics

If a parent or sibling has bipolar disorder, your risk increases.

  • Brain structure/function

Differences in neurotransmitters and brain circuits regulating emotion and impulse control.

  • Stress/trauma

Major life stressors, childhood trauma, or substance abuse can trigger episodes.

A large twin study estimates the heritability to be as high as 60–85% for bipolar disorder.

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